Wednesday, October 25, 2023

The Naturocrit Podcast - Episode 015b3 [s02e05b3] Script and Annotations

in this multi-part Naturocrit Podcast Episode 015, aka s02e05, titled “The JACM 2019 Special Issue on Naturopathy”, aka SIN, I’ll be primarily looking at a collection -- as published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine and sponsored by the University of Technology Sydney, Australia -- of around 15 articles specifically about naturopathy from contributors largely located in Australia and North America.

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[002. synopsis] In this final third of Episode 015 Part 2, aka s02e05b3, I will cover the references used in the Capstone section of the first third and the references IM in CM paper from the middle third, as promised.  This list isn’t that exciting, honestly, and the web addresses used are truncated for the sake of sanity.  This does, though, round out my Part 2 ‘side quest’ from the SIN proper, which I will be returning to in the next Naturocrit Podcast sub-episode.

001. Standard Introduction:

Welcome to, as that robot voice says, The Naturocrit Podcast, and thank you for boldly listening.

What ARE we even talking about?

Well, this podcast series is my take on naturopathic medicine, an area I've been studying for about twenty years, including my time in so-called 'scientific nonsectarian naturopathic medical school'.

My approach is a pairing of scientific skepticism and a deep knowledge of naturopathy's intimate details.

In previous episodes of this series, I established that naturopathy is, essentially, a kind of knowledge blending, misrepresentation, and irrationality.

I have termed naturopathy both 'an epistemic conflation falsely posing itself as an epistemic delineation' and 'the naturopathillogical': the science-exterior is mixed with what is scientific, then that whole muddle is absurdly claimed to be science as an entire category, while particular sectarian science-ejected oath-obligations and -requirements are coded or camouflaged,  therein effectively disguising naturopathy's system of beliefs in public view.

Naturopathy's ultimate achievement is a profound erosion of scientific integrity and freedom of belief packaged in the marketing veneers "natural, holistic, integrative and alternative" and improperly embedded in the academic category "science".

002. Capstone references [APA format, roughly!]:

American Association for the Advancement of Science. (2021). Expectations for conduct in a virtual meeting space. Retrieved from: https://meetings.aaas.org/policies/

American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. (2021). Regulated states and regulatory authorities. Retrieved from: https://naturopathic.org/page/RegulatedStates

American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation. (2021). Physician charter. Retrieved from: https://abimfoundation.org/what-we-do/physician-charter

Atwood, K.C., 4th (2003). Naturopathy: a critical appraisal. MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 5(4), 39.

Atwood, K.C., 4th (2004). Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: myths and fallacies vs truth. MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 6(1), 33.

Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council. (n.d.). Homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/resources/homeopathy

Baer, H.A. (2001). The sociopolitical status of U.S. naturopathy at the dawn of the 21st century. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 15(3), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2001.15.3.329

Barzansky, B. (2010). Abraham Flexner and the era of medical education reform. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 85(9 Suppl), S19–S25. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f12bd1

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2014). Get lasting results from constitutional homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/news/2014/03/get-lasting-results-constitutional-homeopathy

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2016). New long-term birth control option now available. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/news/2016/01/new-long-term-birth-control-option-now-available

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021a). About naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/naturopathic-medicine/about-naturopathy

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021b). How naturopathy can help you. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/naturopathic-medicine

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021c). Insurance and billing. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/appointments/insurance-and-billing

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021d). Laurie Cullen, ND [no relation]. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/providers/laurie-cullen-nd

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021e). Senior wellness. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/specialized-clinical-services/senior-wellness

Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021f). What is team care? Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/what-team-care

Bastyr University. (n.d.). What is naturopathic medicine? Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/academics/naturopathic-medicine/what-naturopathic-medicine

Bastyr University. (2011a) 5 common household toxins to avoid. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2021/01/5-common-household-toxins-avoid

Bastyr University. (2011b). Bastyr creates new cancer patient assistance program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news/2011/10/bastyr-creates-new-cancer-patient-assistance-program

Bastyr University. (2011c). Bastyr University catalog 2011-2012. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/sites/default/files/images/pdfs/course-catalog/catalog-archive/Catalog-11-12.pdf

Bastyr University. (2012). What is a homeopathic remedy? Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2012/01/what-homeopathic-remedy

Bastyr University. (2013). Free HerbDay presentation on ‘Plants and Planets: An Astrological System of Medicine,’ by Kaleb Lund, Ph.D. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/civicrm/event/info?reset=1&id=672

Bastyr University. (2016). Doctor of naturopathic medicine program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/sites/default/files/images/uncategorized/reports/ND_Brochure_Eml16.pdf

Bastyr University. (2017). Homeopathic remedies to the rescue this summer! Retrieved from: https://health.bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2017/06/homeopathic-remedies-rescue-summer

Bastyr University. (2020). Toxicity, disease, and health: The essential role of detoxification in health and disease. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/civicrm/event/info?reset=1&id=3405

Bastyr University. (2021a). About. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about

Bastyr University. (2021b). Accreditation. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about/accreditation-compliance

Bastyr University. (2021c). Curriculum. Retrieved from: http://bastyr.smartcatalogiq.com/2016-2017/2016-2017-Academic-Catalog/School-of-Traditional-World-Medicines/Department-of-Ayurvedic-Sciences/Curriculum

Bastyr University. (2021d). Emma Norton, ND. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/people/faculty/emma-norton-nd

Bastyr University. (2021e). Mission and Founders’ Awards Program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/alumni/mission-and-founders-awards-program

Bastyr University. (2021f).  Overview.  Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about/overview

Bastyr University Clinic. (2021a). About Bastyr University Clinic. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/about

Bastyr University Clinic. (2021b). Jennifer Cornell, ND. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/providers/jennifer-cornell-nd

Bastyr University Clinic. (2021c). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/naturopathic-medicine

Bastyr University Clinic. (2021d). Physical medicine. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/physical-medicine-0

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021a). Camouflage. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/camouflage

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021b). Cloud cuckoo land. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cloud-cuckoo-land

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021c). Disorientation. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/disorientation

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021d). Epistemic. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/epistemic

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021e). Esoteric. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/esoteric

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021f). Grift. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/grift

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021g). Muddled. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/muddled

Cambridge Dictionary. (2021h). Veracity. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/veracity

Carè, J., Steel, A., & Wardle, J. (2021). Stakeholder attitudes to the regulation of traditional and complementary medicine professions: a systematic review. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00579-y

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (n.d.). There are many types of Medicaid fraud. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Fraud-Prevention/Medicaid-Integrity-Education/Downloads/infograph-There-Are-Many-Types-Medicaid-Fraud-[May-2016].pdf

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2020). Quality measures. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/QualityMeasures

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2021). Medicare fraud & abuse: Prevent, detect, report. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Fraud-Abuse-MLN4649244.pdf

Community Health Plan of Washington. (2021). Coverage areas. Retrieved from: https://www.chpw.org/find-health-plan/apple-health-plan/our-regions/

Connecticut State Department of Public Health. (2017). A Report based on the Committee on the Practice of Naturopathy convened pursuant to Special Act 16-3. Retrieved from: https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/practitioner_licensing_and_investigations/scope_of_practice_2017/02172017NaturopathReportFINALrevisedpdf.pdf

Connecticut State Department of Public Health. (2021). Naturopathic physician licensing requirements. Retrieved from: https://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Practitioner-Licensing--Investigations/Naturo/Naturopathic-Physician-Licensing-Requirements

Council for Higher Education Accreditation. (2021). Regional accrediting organizations. Retrieved from: https://www.chea.org/regional-accrediting-organizations

Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020a). Accredited naturopathic schools. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/accredited-programs/#schools

Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020b). Handbook for accreditation for naturopathic medicine programs November 2020 edition. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CNME-Accreditation-Handbook.pdf

Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020c). Homepage. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/

Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020d). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/naturopathic-medicine-an-overview/#principles

Duffy, T.P. (2011). The Flexner Report -- 100 years later. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 84(3), 269–276.

Dunne, N., Benda, W., Kim, L., Mittman, P., Barrett, R., Snider, P., & Pizzorno, J.E. (2005). Naturopathic medicine: What can patients expect? The Journal of Family Practice, 54(12), 1067–1072.

Dyer, K.D., & Hall, R.E. (2019). Effect of critical thinking education on epistemically unwarranted beliefs in college students. Research in Higher Education, 60(3), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-018-9513-3

Eck, E.C. (2018). In defense of provisory methodological naturalism. Retrieved from: https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8227/).

Fleming, S.A., & Gutknecht, N.C. (2010). Naturopathy and the primary care practice. Primary Care, 37(1), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.002. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883816/

Health Professionals Directory at HealthProfs.com. (2021). Medicaid naturopaths in Washington. Retrieved from: https://www.healthprofs.com/us/naturopaths/medicaid/washington

Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). UCR (usual, customary, and reasonable). Retrieved from: https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/ucr-usual-customary-and-reasonable/

Homola, S. (2006). Chiropractic: history and overview of theories and methods. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 444(3), 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000200258.95865.87

Hopf, H., Krief, A., Mehta, G., & Matlin, S.A. (2019). Fake science and the knowledge crisis: Ignorance can be fatal. Royal Society Open Science, 6(5), 190161. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190161

Horrigan, B. (2002). Joseph Pizzorno named Naturopathic Physician of the Year. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 8(6), 26.

Internet Archive Wayback Machine. (2021). Naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090624032416/http://takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/naturopathy

Jagtenberg, T., Evans, S., Grant, A., Howden, I., Lewis, M., & Singer, J. (2006). Evidence-based medicine and naturopathy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(3), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.12.323

Janel, K., & Lang, R. (2021). Apple Health - Quality naturopathic care for Apple Health patients. Retrieved from: https://www.specialtynaturalmedicine.com/apple-health/

La Corte, R. (2014, May 25). State’s Medicaid program now covers naturopaths. Retrieved from: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/statersquos-medicaid-program-now-covers-naturopaths/

Life University. (2009). Proceedings of the Vitalism Conference […] Joseph Pizzorno, ND - Vitalistic philosophy naturopathy. Retrieved from: http://www.octagon.life.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009-conference-proceedings.pdf

Medicaid. (2015). Financial management. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/financial-management/index.html

Medicaid. (2021a). Access to care. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/access-care/index.html

Medicaid. (2021b). Homepage. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/index.html

Molina Health Care. (2020). Apple Health benefits index 2020 - Molina Healthcare. Retrieved from: https://www.molinahealthcare.com/~/media/Molina/PublicWebsite/PDF/providers/wa/medicaid/manual/IMC-BHSO-Benefit-Index-2020.pdf

National Center for Science Education. (2015). Illinois Federation of Teachers. Retrieved from: https://ncse.ngo/illinois-federation-teachers

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2021). Medicaid fraud and abuse.  Retrieved from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/medicaid-fraud-and-abuse.aspx

National Health Service. (2018). Homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/

National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13165

National University of Natural Medicine. (2021). Naturopathic principles of healing. Retrieved from: https://nunm.edu/naturopathic-principles-of-healing/

Naturopathic Doctor News and Review. (2017). The roots of naturopathy: Introducing the WNF White Paper. Retrieved from: https://ndnr.com/naturopathic-news/the-roots-of-naturopathy-introducing-the-wnf-white-paper/

Naturopathic Doctor News and Review. (2020). Dialing up the vis.  Retrieved from: https://ndnr.com/gastrointestinal/dialing-up-the-vis-part-1/

North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. (2019). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from: https://www.nabne.org/f-a-q/

North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. (2021). NPLEX examination overview. Retrieved from: https://www.nabne.org/exam-overview/

Pizzorno, J.E. (2017). How to cure the sick health care system: An open letter to President Trump from leaders in functional/integrative/natural health and medicine. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 16(1), 8–11.

Pollack, R. (2020). Perspective: Protecting Medicaid for our most vulnerable citizens. Retrieved from: https://www.aha.org/news/perspective/2020-02-07-perspective-protecting-medicaid-our-most-vulnerable-citizens

Sarris, J., & Wardle, J. (2019). Clinical naturopathy: An evidence-based guide to practice. Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia.

Schule, J., Severson, K., & Simon, A. (2021). Molina naturopathic physician coverage. Retrieved from: om https://rebelmednw.com/2016/06/molina-naturopathic-physician/

Understanding Science at the University of California Berkely. (n.d.). Natural matters. Retrieved from: https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/natural_mattersUnited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization International Institute for Educational Planning. (2020). National Education Association Code of Ethics of the Education Professional. Retrieved from: http://teachercodes.iiep.unesco.org/teachercodes/codes/America/USA/USA_NEA.pdf

University of Minnesota. (2016). Naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/naturopathy

University of Missouri School of Medicine Center for Ethics. Truth telling. (2020). Retrieved from: https://medicine.missouri.edu/centers-institutes-labs/health-ethics/faq/truth-telling

University of Technology Sydney. (2021a). Advancing naturopathy.  Retrieved from: https://www.giving.uts.edu.au/projects-and-causes/advancing-naturopathy?DeliveryChannelID=23

University of Technology Sydney. (2021b). Jon Wardle. Retrieved from: https://profiles.uts.edu.au/Jon.Wardle

Walton, D., Zhang, N. (2013). The epistemology of scientific evidence. Artif Intell Law 21, 173–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9132-9

Washington Apple Health. (n.d.). First-timers’ guide to Washington Apple Health part 2: Making your first health care appointment. Retrieved from: https://www.hca.wa.gov/assets/free-or-low-cost/19-041.pdf

Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians. (2013). Medicaid – A new environment for NDs. Retrieved from: https://wanp.org/medicaid-a-new-environment-for-nds/

Washington State Health Care Authority. (2021). Apple Health (Medicaid) coverage. Retrieved from https://www.hca.wa.gov/health-care-services-supports/apple-health-medicaid-coverage

Webster’s New World College Dictionary. (2010). Fabulist. Retrieved from: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/fabulist

World Naturopathic Federation. (2020). Naturopathic peer reviewed journals. Retrieved from: http://worldnaturopathicfederation.org/naturopathic-peer-reviewed-journals/


003. IM in CM references [APA format, roughly!]:

American College of Healthcare Executives. (2017). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.ache.org/about-ache/our-story/our-commitments/ethics/ache-code-of-ethics

Australian Government Department of Health. (2015). Review of the Australian Government rebate on natural therapies for private insurance. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/0E9129B3574FCA53CA257BF0001ACD11/$File/Natural%20Therapies%20Overview%20Report%20Final%20with%20copyright%2011%20March.pdf

Bechtel, W., & Richardson, R. (1998). Vitalism. Retrieved February 27, 2019, from https://mechanism.ucsd.edu/teaching/philbio/vitalism.htm

Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. (2019). NPLEX 2 prep course. Retrieved from https://www.ccnm.edu/nd-careers/continuing-education/on-demand/nplex-2-prep-course

 Connecticut State Medical Society. (2018).  Testimony in opposition to House Bill 5294 An Act Concerning Naturopaths Public Health Committee March 5, 2018. Retrieved from https://csms.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/HB-5294-Naturopathy-Testimony-2018.pdf

Fairfield County Medical Association. (2019). Membership eligibility. Retrieved from http://fcma.org/membership/

George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Deirdre Orceyre, ND, MSOM, L.Ac. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/people/deirdre-orceyre-n-d-msom-l-ac/

George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Integrative medicine consultations. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/integrative-medicine-consultations/

George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Marianna Ledenac, ND. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/people/marianna-ledenac-np/

George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2018, Jan 31). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/naturopathic-medicine/

George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Patient care services. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/

George Washington University Medical Center. (2019). About integrative medicine. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/about/about-integrative-medicine/

Guinn, D. E. (2019). Bibliography.  Retrieved from http://www.cid.suny.edu/about_us/our_staffs/about_Guinn.shtml

Guinn, D. E. (2019). Curriculum vita.  Retrieved from http://www.cid.suny.edu/about_us/our_staffs/about_Guinn.shtml

Guinn D. E. (2001). Ethics and integrative medicine: moving beyond the biomedical model. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 7(6), 68–72.

Jagtenberg, T., Evans, S., Grant, A., Howden, I., Lewis, M., & Singer, J. (2006). Evidence-based medicine and naturopathy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(3), 323–328.

Johnson S. B., Park, H. S, Gross, C. P., Yu, J. B. Complementary medicine, refusal of conventional cancer therapy, and survival among patients with curable cancers. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(10):1375–1381. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2487

Morrison, E. (2016). Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers.  Jones and Bartlett Learning

National Association of Healthcare Quality. (2019). NAHQ code of ethics for healthcare quality professionals and code of conduct. Retrieved from https://nahq.org/about/code-of-ethics

National University of Natural Medicine. (2019). About naturopathic medicine.  Retrieved from https://nunm.edu/about-naturopathic-medicine/

Naturopathic Diaries. (2018). Naturopathic medicine in Connecticut. Retrieved from https://www.naturopathicdiaries.com/naturopathic-medicine-connecticut/

North American Board of Naturopathic Medical Examiners. (2019). NPLEX examination overview. Retrieved from https://www.nabne.org/home/exam-overview/

Popular Science Monthly. (1890). A minority but not a sect. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=lt4KAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-lt4KAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1

Prochnow, H. V. (1966). The successful toastmaster. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Weatherall, M. W. (1996). Making medicine scientific: Empiricism, rationality, and quackery in mid-Victorian Britain. Social History of Medicine. 9 (2): 175–194.

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