in this multi-part Naturocrit Podcast Episode 015, aka s02e05, titled “The JACM 2019 Special Issue on Naturopathy”, aka SIN, I’ll be primarily looking at a collection -- as published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine and sponsored by the University of Technology Sydney, Australia -- of around 15 articles specifically about naturopathy from contributors largely located in Australia and North America.
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[002. synopsis] In this final third of Episode 015 Part 2, aka s02e05b3, I will cover the references used in the Capstone section of the first third and the references IM in CM paper from the middle third, as promised. This list isn’t that exciting, honestly, and the web addresses used are truncated for the sake of sanity. This does, though, round out my Part 2 ‘side quest’ from the SIN proper, which I will be returning to in the next Naturocrit Podcast sub-episode.
001. Standard Introduction:
What ARE we even talking about?
Well, this podcast series is my take on naturopathic medicine, an area I've been studying for about twenty years, including my time in so-called 'scientific nonsectarian naturopathic medical school'.
My approach is a pairing of scientific skepticism and a deep knowledge of naturopathy's intimate details.
In previous episodes of this series, I established that naturopathy is, essentially, a kind of knowledge blending, misrepresentation, and irrationality.
I have termed naturopathy both 'an epistemic conflation falsely posing itself as an epistemic delineation' and 'the naturopathillogical': the science-exterior is mixed with what is scientific, then that whole muddle is absurdly claimed to be science as an entire category, while particular sectarian science-ejected oath-obligations and -requirements are coded or camouflaged, therein effectively disguising naturopathy's system of beliefs in public view.
Naturopathy's ultimate achievement is a profound erosion of scientific integrity and freedom of belief packaged in the marketing veneers "natural, holistic, integrative and alternative" and improperly embedded in the academic category "science".
American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. (2021). Regulated states and regulatory authorities. Retrieved from: https://naturopathic.org/page/RegulatedStates
American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation. (2021). Physician charter. Retrieved from: https://abimfoundation.org/what-we-do/physician-charter
Atwood, K.C., 4th (2003). Naturopathy: a critical appraisal. MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 5(4), 39.
Atwood, K.C., 4th (2004). Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: myths and fallacies vs truth. MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 6(1), 33.
Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council. (n.d.). Homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/resources/homeopathy
Baer, H.A. (2001). The sociopolitical status of U.S. naturopathy at the dawn of the 21st century. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 15(3), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2001.15.3.329
Barzansky, B. (2010). Abraham Flexner and the era of medical education reform. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 85(9 Suppl), S19–S25. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f12bd1
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2014). Get lasting results from constitutional homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/news/2014/03/get-lasting-results-constitutional-homeopathy
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2016). New long-term birth control option now available. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/news/2016/01/new-long-term-birth-control-option-now-available
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021a). About naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/naturopathic-medicine/about-naturopathy
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021b). How naturopathy can help you. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/naturopathic-medicine
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021c). Insurance and billing. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/appointments/insurance-and-billing
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021d). Laurie Cullen, ND [no relation]. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/providers/laurie-cullen-nd
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021e). Senior wellness. Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/services/specialized-clinical-services/senior-wellness
Bastyr Center for Natural Health. (2021f). What is team care? Retrieved from: https://bastyrcenter.org/about/what-team-care
Bastyr University. (n.d.). What is naturopathic medicine? Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/academics/naturopathic-medicine/what-naturopathic-medicine
Bastyr University. (2011a) 5 common household toxins to avoid. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2021/01/5-common-household-toxins-avoid
Bastyr University. (2011b). Bastyr creates new cancer patient assistance program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news/2011/10/bastyr-creates-new-cancer-patient-assistance-program
Bastyr University. (2011c). Bastyr University catalog 2011-2012. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/sites/default/files/images/pdfs/course-catalog/catalog-archive/Catalog-11-12.pdf
Bastyr University. (2012). What is a homeopathic remedy? Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2012/01/what-homeopathic-remedy
Bastyr University. (2013). Free HerbDay presentation on ‘Plants and Planets: An Astrological System of Medicine,’ by Kaleb Lund, Ph.D. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/civicrm/event/info?reset=1&id=672
Bastyr University. (2016). Doctor of naturopathic medicine program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/sites/default/files/images/uncategorized/reports/ND_Brochure_Eml16.pdf
Bastyr University. (2017). Homeopathic remedies to the rescue this summer! Retrieved from: https://health.bastyr.edu/news/health-tips/2017/06/homeopathic-remedies-rescue-summer
Bastyr University. (2020). Toxicity, disease, and health: The essential role of detoxification in health and disease. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/civicrm/event/info?reset=1&id=3405
Bastyr University. (2021a). About. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about
Bastyr University. (2021b). Accreditation. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about/accreditation-compliance
Bastyr University. (2021c). Curriculum. Retrieved from: http://bastyr.smartcatalogiq.com/2016-2017/2016-2017-Academic-Catalog/School-of-Traditional-World-Medicines/Department-of-Ayurvedic-Sciences/Curriculum
Bastyr University. (2021d). Emma Norton, ND. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/people/faculty/emma-norton-nd
Bastyr University. (2021e). Mission and Founders’ Awards Program. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/alumni/mission-and-founders-awards-program
Bastyr University. (2021f). Overview. Retrieved from: https://bastyr.edu/about/overview
Bastyr University Clinic. (2021a). About Bastyr University Clinic. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/about
Bastyr University Clinic. (2021b). Jennifer Cornell, ND. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/providers/jennifer-cornell-nd
Bastyr University Clinic. (2021c). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/naturopathic-medicine
Bastyr University Clinic. (2021d). Physical medicine. Retrieved from: https://bastyrclinic.org/physical-medicine-0
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021a). Camouflage. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/camouflage
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021b). Cloud cuckoo land. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cloud-cuckoo-land
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021c). Disorientation. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/disorientation
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021d). Epistemic. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/epistemic
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021e). Esoteric. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/esoteric
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021f). Grift. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/grift
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021g). Muddled. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/muddled
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021h). Veracity. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/veracity
Carè, J., Steel, A., & Wardle, J. (2021). Stakeholder attitudes to the regulation of traditional and complementary medicine professions: a systematic review. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00579-y
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (n.d.). There are many types of Medicaid fraud. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare-Medicaid-Coordination/Fraud-Prevention/Medicaid-Integrity-Education/Downloads/infograph-There-Are-Many-Types-Medicaid-Fraud-[May-2016].pdf
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2020). Quality measures. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/QualityMeasures
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2021). Medicare fraud & abuse: Prevent, detect, report. Retrieved from: https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Fraud-Abuse-MLN4649244.pdf
Community Health Plan of Washington. (2021). Coverage areas. Retrieved from: https://www.chpw.org/find-health-plan/apple-health-plan/our-regions/
Connecticut State Department of Public Health. (2017). A Report based on the Committee on the Practice of Naturopathy convened pursuant to Special Act 16-3. Retrieved from: https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/practitioner_licensing_and_investigations/scope_of_practice_2017/02172017NaturopathReportFINALrevisedpdf.pdf
Connecticut State Department of Public Health. (2021). Naturopathic physician licensing requirements. Retrieved from: https://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Practitioner-Licensing--Investigations/Naturo/Naturopathic-Physician-Licensing-Requirements
Council for Higher Education Accreditation. (2021). Regional accrediting organizations. Retrieved from: https://www.chea.org/regional-accrediting-organizations
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020a). Accredited naturopathic schools. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/accredited-programs/#schools
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020b). Handbook for accreditation for naturopathic medicine programs November 2020 edition. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CNME-Accreditation-Handbook.pdf
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020c). Homepage. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education. (2020d). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from: https://cnme.org/naturopathic-medicine-an-overview/#principles
Duffy, T.P. (2011). The Flexner Report -- 100 years later. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 84(3), 269–276.
Dunne, N., Benda, W., Kim, L., Mittman, P., Barrett, R., Snider, P., & Pizzorno, J.E. (2005). Naturopathic medicine: What can patients expect? The Journal of Family Practice, 54(12), 1067–1072.
Dyer, K.D., & Hall, R.E. (2019). Effect of critical thinking education on epistemically unwarranted beliefs in college students. Research in Higher Education, 60(3), 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-018-9513-3
Eck, E.C. (2018). In defense of provisory methodological naturalism. Retrieved from: https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8227/).
Fleming, S.A., & Gutknecht, N.C. (2010). Naturopathy and the primary care practice. Primary Care, 37(1), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.002. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883816/
Health Professionals Directory at HealthProfs.com. (2021). Medicaid naturopaths in Washington. Retrieved from: https://www.healthprofs.com/us/naturopaths/medicaid/washington
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). UCR (usual, customary, and reasonable). Retrieved from: https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/ucr-usual-customary-and-reasonable/
Hopf, H., Krief, A., Mehta, G., & Matlin, S.A. (2019). Fake science and the knowledge crisis: Ignorance can be fatal. Royal Society Open Science, 6(5), 190161. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190161
Horrigan, B. (2002). Joseph Pizzorno named Naturopathic Physician of the Year. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 8(6), 26.
Internet Archive Wayback Machine. (2021). Naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090624032416/http://takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/naturopathy
Jagtenberg, T., Evans, S., Grant, A., Howden, I., Lewis, M., & Singer, J. (2006). Evidence-based medicine and naturopathy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(3), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.12.323
Janel, K., & Lang, R. (2021). Apple Health - Quality naturopathic care for Apple Health patients. Retrieved from: https://www.specialtynaturalmedicine.com/apple-health/
La Corte, R. (2014, May 25). State’s Medicaid program now covers naturopaths. Retrieved from: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/statersquos-medicaid-program-now-covers-naturopaths/
Life University. (2009). Proceedings of the Vitalism Conference […] Joseph Pizzorno, ND - Vitalistic philosophy naturopathy. Retrieved from: http://www.octagon.life.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009-conference-proceedings.pdf
Medicaid. (2015). Financial management. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/financial-management/index.html
Medicaid. (2021a). Access to care. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/access-care/index.html
Medicaid. (2021b). Homepage. Retrieved from: https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/index.html
Molina Health Care. (2020). Apple Health benefits index 2020 - Molina Healthcare. Retrieved from: https://www.molinahealthcare.com/~/media/Molina/PublicWebsite/PDF/providers/wa/medicaid/manual/IMC-BHSO-Benefit-Index-2020.pdf
National Center for Science Education. (2015). Illinois Federation of Teachers. Retrieved from: https://ncse.ngo/illinois-federation-teachers
National Conference of State Legislatures. (2021). Medicaid fraud and abuse. Retrieved from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/medicaid-fraud-and-abuse.aspx
National Health Service. (2018). Homeopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/homeopathy/
National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13165
National University of Natural Medicine. (2021). Naturopathic principles of healing. Retrieved from: https://nunm.edu/naturopathic-principles-of-healing/
Naturopathic Doctor News and Review. (2017). The roots of naturopathy: Introducing the WNF White Paper. Retrieved from: https://ndnr.com/naturopathic-news/the-roots-of-naturopathy-introducing-the-wnf-white-paper/
Naturopathic Doctor News and Review. (2020). Dialing up the vis. Retrieved from: https://ndnr.com/gastrointestinal/dialing-up-the-vis-part-1/
North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. (2019). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from: https://www.nabne.org/f-a-q/
North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners. (2021). NPLEX examination overview. Retrieved from: https://www.nabne.org/exam-overview/
Pizzorno, J.E. (2017). How to cure the sick health care system: An open letter to President Trump from leaders in functional/integrative/natural health and medicine. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 16(1), 8–11.
Pollack, R. (2020). Perspective: Protecting Medicaid for our most vulnerable citizens. Retrieved from: https://www.aha.org/news/perspective/2020-02-07-perspective-protecting-medicaid-our-most-vulnerable-citizens
Sarris, J., & Wardle, J. (2019). Clinical naturopathy: An evidence-based guide to practice. Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia.
Schule, J., Severson, K., & Simon, A. (2021). Molina naturopathic physician coverage. Retrieved from: om https://rebelmednw.com/2016/06/molina-naturopathic-physician/
Understanding Science at the University of California Berkely. (n.d.). Natural matters. Retrieved from: https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/natural_mattersUnited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization International Institute for Educational Planning. (2020). National Education Association Code of Ethics of the Education Professional. Retrieved from: http://teachercodes.iiep.unesco.org/teachercodes/codes/America/USA/USA_NEA.pdf
University of Minnesota. (2016). Naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/naturopathy
University of Missouri School of Medicine Center for Ethics. Truth telling. (2020). Retrieved from: https://medicine.missouri.edu/centers-institutes-labs/health-ethics/faq/truth-telling
University of Technology Sydney. (2021a). Advancing naturopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.giving.uts.edu.au/projects-and-causes/advancing-naturopathy?DeliveryChannelID=23
University of Technology Sydney. (2021b). Jon Wardle. Retrieved from: https://profiles.uts.edu.au/Jon.Wardle
Walton, D., Zhang, N. (2013). The epistemology of scientific evidence. Artif Intell Law 21, 173–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9132-9
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Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians. (2013). Medicaid – A new environment for NDs. Retrieved from: https://wanp.org/medicaid-a-new-environment-for-nds/
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Webster’s New World College Dictionary. (2010). Fabulist. Retrieved from: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/fabulist
World Naturopathic Federation. (2020). Naturopathic peer reviewed journals. Retrieved from: http://worldnaturopathicfederation.org/naturopathic-peer-reviewed-journals/
003. IM in CM references [APA format, roughly!]:
American College of Healthcare Executives. (2017). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.ache.org/about-ache/our-story/our-commitments/ethics/ache-code-of-ethics
Australian Government Department of Health. (2015). Review of the Australian Government rebate on natural therapies for private insurance. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/0E9129B3574FCA53CA257BF0001ACD11/$File/Natural%20Therapies%20Overview%20Report%20Final%20with%20copyright%2011%20March.pdf
Bechtel, W., & Richardson, R. (1998). Vitalism. Retrieved February 27, 2019, from https://mechanism.ucsd.edu/teaching/philbio/vitalism.htm
Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine. (2019). NPLEX 2 prep course. Retrieved from https://www.ccnm.edu/nd-careers/continuing-education/on-demand/nplex-2-prep-course
Connecticut State Medical Society. (2018). Testimony in opposition to House Bill 5294 An Act Concerning Naturopaths Public Health Committee March 5, 2018. Retrieved from https://csms.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/HB-5294-Naturopathy-Testimony-2018.pdf
Fairfield County Medical Association. (2019). Membership eligibility. Retrieved from http://fcma.org/membership/
George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Deirdre Orceyre, ND, MSOM, L.Ac. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/people/deirdre-orceyre-n-d-msom-l-ac/
George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Integrative medicine consultations. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/integrative-medicine-consultations/
George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Marianna Ledenac, ND. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/people/marianna-ledenac-np/
George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2018, Jan 31). Naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/naturopathic-medicine/
George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. (2019). Patient care services. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/services/
George Washington University Medical Center. (2019). About integrative medicine. Retrieved from https://www.gwcim.com/about/about-integrative-medicine/
Guinn, D. E. (2019). Bibliography. Retrieved from http://www.cid.suny.edu/about_us/our_staffs/about_Guinn.shtml
Guinn, D. E. (2019). Curriculum vita. Retrieved from http://www.cid.suny.edu/about_us/our_staffs/about_Guinn.shtml
Guinn D. E. (2001). Ethics and integrative medicine: moving beyond the biomedical model. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 7(6), 68–72.
Jagtenberg, T., Evans, S., Grant, A., Howden, I., Lewis, M., & Singer, J. (2006). Evidence-based medicine and naturopathy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(3), 323–328.
Johnson S. B., Park, H. S, Gross, C. P., Yu, J. B. Complementary medicine, refusal of conventional cancer therapy, and survival among patients with curable cancers. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(10):1375–1381. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2487
Morrison, E. (2016). Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers. Jones and Bartlett Learning
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National University of Natural Medicine. (2019). About naturopathic medicine. Retrieved from https://nunm.edu/about-naturopathic-medicine/
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North American Board of Naturopathic Medical Examiners. (2019). NPLEX examination overview. Retrieved from https://www.nabne.org/home/exam-overview/
Popular Science Monthly. (1890). A minority but not a sect. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=lt4KAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-lt4KAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1
Prochnow, H. V. (1966). The successful toastmaster. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Weatherall, M. W. (1996). Making medicine scientific: Empiricism, rationality, and quackery in mid-Victorian Britain. Social History of Medicine. 9 (2): 175–194.
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